Graphene oxide-based materials have shown promise in loudspeaker membrane applications. The material allows the forming of highly stiff, low mass cones and domes for loudspeakers. The technology allows improvements in efficiency and linearity over other common loudspeaker membrane materials. This class of graphene material can be engineered to produce an excellent ratio of stiffness (Young’s modulus) to density (g/cm3) and damping (tan ? ). In a case study, acoustically optimized graphene materials were formed into membranes for headphone drivers. The performance of headphone drivers made with these membranes was analyzed and compared to standard polymer membrane headphone drivers. Relative to the polymer membrane drivers, the graphene membranes provide a significant reduction in both intermodulation and harmonic distortion while matching the sensitivity and producing a substantially smoother frequency response.
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