A significant challenge in the automobile listening environment is the predominance of off-axis listening positions. This leads to audible artifacts including comb filtering and indeterminate stereo imaging; both in traditional stereo and more recent multi-channel speaker configurations. This paper discusses the problem of off-axis listening as well as methods to improve stereo imaging in a symmetric manner using all-pass FIR and IIR filters. This paper also discusses a more efficient IIR filter design that achieves similar performance to previous filter designs. Use of these filters results in stable, virtual sources in front of off-axis listeners.
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