This paper examines how various aspects of the physical characteristics of the human head and torso affect directional loudness characteristics. Modelled directional characteristics are presented based upon the head related transfer functions (HRTF) of a number of individuals in conjunction with the Moore loudness model. Data is presented in the frontal, horizontal and median planes. Variations between individuals are explored as are the difference between near and far field HRTF`s. The contributions of the pinna, head and torso are examined separately.
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https://aes2.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=10018
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