Ear simulators are standardized devices used for calibration of e.g. earphones and telecommunication equipment. In this paper, the ear simulator B&K Type 4157 is investigated using a combined boundary/finite element model (BEM/FEM) of the air inside. Traditionally lumped parameter models have been used to create an electrical equivalent diagram for simulating acoustic impedances. However, these lumped parameter models have some built-in limitations and may not be valid for higher frequencies where the acoustic wavelength is in the range of the ear simulator dimensions. A more accurate acoustic model can be derived using well-established techniques like BEM and FEM. Here we present a combined BEM/FEM model, taking into account the thermo-viscous effects, which are shown to be required for obtaining realistic results. Comparisons between simulation and measurement are given.
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https://aes2.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=12629
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