Although FIR filters are usually used to equalize a system, a series of second-order biquad IIR filters has the advantage of lower computational cost and smaller memory. An automatic way of adjusting the IIR parameters makes IIR filters an acceptable alternative. Depending on the way in which the target function was defined, the optimizer provides a stable result. The method is illustrated with subjective listening tests and detailed measurements using practical examples of small loudspeakers in modern consumer products.
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