A simple mathematical model is proposed to represent the nonlinear characteristics of the combined power amplifier and loudspeaker in acoustic echo cancellers. Three adjustable parameters of the model relate to the distinct parts of the nonlinearity: the linear region for small amplitude, the onset elbow where the nonlinearity begins, and the saturation region for large amplitudes. Compared to a piece-wise linear model, this approach has continuous first derivatives. In combination with linear adaptive filters, this model allows for the efficient design of echo cancellers.
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https://aes2.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=16112
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