Two-port and multiport models, which are used in electrical engineering, optics, and photonics, can be also be used to characterize acoustics elements as linear time-invariant models. This paper presents an overview of such acoustic elements in signal processing applications. For example, a cascade of two-port elements can be used to model an expansion chamber, exponential horn, or audio filter. Similarly, waveguides (with and without loss), terminations, and multiport junctions can be used to model state space filters and feedback delay networks. The ability to see a system as a network of waveguides and junctions can provide some insight that may not be evident in equations and code. Audio signal processing algorithms can be constructed using two-port and multiport building blocks. Both frequency domain and discrete time domain analyses are included along with notes for MATLAB implementations
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