The work here within describes a cost effective method for beamforming utilizing passive components in a transmission line architecture to provide successive amounts of group delay from the middle to the ends of the array. The method also provides amplitude shading and some frequency shading that works to form a hybrid of several traditional methods. The method also provides a simple and straight forward way to change the shape (width) of the beam with changes in the passive network. The resulting network is very cost effective and rivals the performance of a multichannel DSP-based beamformer.
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https://aes2.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=18429
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