On ITU BS.2051 surround with height loudspeaker layouts, Ambisonic panning is practice-proof, when using AllRAD decoders involving imaginary loudspeaker insertion and downmix. And yet on the 4+5+0 layout, this still yields a loudness difference of nearly 3 dB when comparing sounds panned to the front with such panned to the back. AllRAD linearly superimposes a series of two panning functions, optimally sampled Ambisonics and VBAP. Both are perfectly energy-preserving and therefore do not cause the loudness differences themselves, but their linear superposition does. In this contribution we present and analyze a new AllRAD2 approach that achieves decoding of constant loudness by (i) superimposing the squares of both panning functions, and (ii) calculating the equivalent linear decoder of the square root thereof.
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https://aes2.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=19460
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