The detailed directivity of a sound source is a powerful tool with broad applications in modeling of sound radiation into various acoustic environments, ideal microphone positioning, and other areas. While the directivity of human speech has been assessed previously, the results have lacked the necessary resolution to accurately model radiation in three dimensions. In this work high-resolution measurements were taken using a multiple-capture spherical-scanning system. The frequency-dependent directivity factors and indices of speech were then calculated from the data and their spherical-harmonic expansions. Although past models have represented these measures in simple terms, high-resolution measurements demonstrate that over the audible range they have more variation than previously known, with important ramifications for three-dimensional modeling and audio.
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https://aes2.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=20306
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