Direct psychoacoustic evaluations of the sound-image localization in multichannel matrix reproduction have been made for matrices of the UMX family. The accuracy of the localizations has been studied for 2, 3, 4, and 5 transmission channels, in comparison with the accuracy for single sources, using an eight-speaker array. The gain in accuracy was found to be essentially complete with three transmission channels, it being superior, with four speakers, to the so-called discrete system in phanton-image localization. With four speakers, any objectionable effects arising from the phase differences characteristic of the UMX matrices were found to be nearly undetectable. Acceptable frequency range limits (130 Hz to 3 kHz) for the accuracy-enhancing channels, along with phasing and crosstalk tolerances (20° and 15 dB) between these and the two transmission channels of the basic matrix, in four-speaker cases, were also determined.
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https://aes2.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=2050
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