The response of a loudspeaker system is affected by the presence of the audience. However, the loudspeaker system tuning is performed without an audience, applying equalization filters and delays for time alignment system components. The validity of these decisions with an audience is of primary importance. In this paper, the magnitude response of a loudspeaker system is simulated at low frequencies using Finite Element Method over a flat listening area for multiple source heights and audience densities. The results show that the audience modifies notches due to the floor reflection for a flown source and creates a build-up associated with a low-pass behavior for ground-stacked sources. The implications on typical loudspeaker system configurations are presented and discussed.
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https://aes2.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=20935
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