The theoretical model for a low frequency driver assumes linearity. The reality of the matter is, however, that woofers are non-linear devices. Consequently measurement of the driver`s ideal (linear) parameters can be exceedingly difficult. This paper will discuss techniques which isolate individual parameters. Without the inhibition of cumulative errors (from the non-linearities of other parameters) the perturbation, as a function of excursion, of each parameter can be examined. The concepts discussed will include analysis and measurement of driver parameters in a vacuum.
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https://aes2.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=2986
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