In stereophonic sound reproduction, the loudspeaker placement and directional patterns combine to create the sound fields used by a listener to locate the apparent source of sound. Accurate localization requires that the loudspeaker directional pattern be designed to take into account the human directional hearing mechanism. A model of human auditory localization is described and then used as a basis for optimizing loudspeaker directional patterns to permit accurate localization over a wide range of listener positions. The results show that loudspeakers should be more directional than current designs, and that the loudspeakers should be angled in toward the listening area.
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https://aes2.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=3948
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