The phonograph cartridge stylus trajectory in a lateral-cut record groove is reviewed with respect to first-order effects of groove wall elastic deformation. The relative output of the stylus is determined in part by the resonance between the dynamic moving stylus mass and the record compliance. The translation-loss function controls the response at fundamental frequency only; while the distortion response at harmonic frequencies is governed by the scanning-loss function. Application of theoretical considerations is extended to vertical recording with corroborative experimental evidence given.
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https://aes2.org/publications/elibrary-page/?id=709
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