It has been shown that listener envelopment (LEV) can be systematically controlled in a multichannel surround system by varying the level and angular distribution of the late-arriving sound. While the perceptual transition point between early and late energy has traditionally been set to 80ms when predicting LEV, this matter has not been rigorously investigated. In the present study a series of formal subjective tests were conducted to investigate the perceptual point where the early energy ends and the late energy begins. Listeners were asked to rate the amount of LEV in sound fields where the temporal and spatial distributions of the late energy were varied. The results of the subjective tests were used to investigate suitable objective measures for predicting LEV.
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